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Conservation Finance Related
Papers
Due to the number of papers, we have
divided them by topic. Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to read most of these
documents, and can be downloaded free at the
Adobe website.
Papers in English
General
Debt for Nature Swaps
Economic Valuation
Ecotourism
Environmental Trust Funds
Financing of Marine Conservation
Payment for Environmental Services
Protected Areas
Papers in Portuguese
Papers in Spanish
General
Bridging
the gulf: ecologist and conservationists need to work more closely with
economists and policy-makers...Nature, 437:7059, 29 September
2005.
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness: Ownership, Harmonisation,
Alignment, Results and Mutual Accountability: a statement generated at the
recent high level forum of the OECD. March 2005.
Economic and financial incentives
for wildlife use on private land in Namibia and the implications for policy, J.I.
Barnes and J.L.V. de Jager. Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of
Environment and Tourism, Namibia. DEA Research Discussion Paper #8, September
1995.
Wildlife
conservation and utilisation as complements to agriculture in southern African
development, Jonathan Barnes. Directorate of Environmental
Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Namibia. DEA Research Discussion
Paper #27, December 1998.
Financing
biodiversity conservation, Ricardo Bayon, J. Steven Lovink,
Wouter J. Veening. Inter-American Development Bank. 2000.
Mapping
conservation investments: an assessment of biodiversity funding in Latin America
and the Caribbean, Gonzalo Castro, Ilana Locker, et al.,
Biodiversity Support Program, 2000.
Summary of the CBD COP-7 Protected Areas Negotiations
Financial Resources Commitments,
Sheldon Cohen, The Nature
Conservancy, February 2004.
Wetland
Mitigation Banking: Environmentalists express concerns, Deborah
Fleischer, The Katoomba Group's Ecosystem Marketplace, first posted on April 25,
2005.
Investing
in the future: The private sector and sustainable forestry management,
Hans Gregersen and Arnoldo Contreras. Center for International Forestry
Research, International workshop of experts on financing sustainable forest
management, Oslo, Norway, January 22 - 25, 2001.
From good-will to payments for
environmental services: A survey of financing alternatives for sustainable
natural resource management in developing countries,
ed., Pablo Gutman, WWF
Macroeconomics for Sustainable Development Program Office, Economic Change
Poverty and the Environment Project, a joint project of Danida and WWF. August
2003.
Markets
and sustainability, Geoffrey Heal, Columbia Business School. Part
of the PaineWebber Working Paper Series in Money, Economics and Finance. July
1998.
The development of markets and economic incentives for
sustainable forestry: Application to the Brazilian Amazon, James
R. Kahn. Washington & Lee University, Virginia, USA. Consultant's report to the
OECD, Environment Policy Committee, Working Group on Economic Aspects of
Biodiversity. 2002.
Financing
species conservation: a menu of options, Sarah Koteen. Center for
Conservation Finance, World Wildlife Fund. September 2004.
Environmental management in
the Amazon region: Why not
try market based
instruments?
Alain Lambert, 8-18pp, in PoemaTropic N°6. July/Feb 2000.
Financing
global
sustainability:
A
proposal
for
multilateral
environment
agreements.
Alain Lambert, 92-117pp,
in “Ensuring sustainable livelihoods: challenges for governments,
corporates, and civil society at Rio+10”, Teri Research Centre, India,
Nov. 2002. Also published in PoemaTropic N°9, 34-49pp, November 2002.
Striking a balance: Ensuring conservation's place on the
international biodiversity assistance agenda, Nicholas P. Lapham
and Rebecca J. Livermore, Conservation International.
Private
property rights to wildlife: The Southern African experiment, Kay
Muir-Leresche and Robert H. Nelson.
ICER Working paper number: 02-2000, International Centre for Economic Research,
Italy. April 2000.
Economic
incentives to develop the rangelands of the Serengeti: Implications for wildlife
conservation, M. Norton-Griffiths. Chapter 27/29 in Serengeti II:
Research, Management and Conservation of an Ecosystem, A.R.E. Sinclair and P.
Arcese (editors) 1995: University of Chicago Press.
Economic
instruments for environmental management and sustainable development,
Theodore Panayotou, Harvard University. UNEP/EEU, Environmental Economics Series
Paper #16. December 1994.
Financing mechanisms for environmental investments and
sustainable development, Theodore Panayotou, Harvard University. UNEP/EEU, Environmental Economics Series Paper #15. December 1994.
This document is no longer available at the UNEP website. However, UNEP staff
were kind enough to scan the document for us so we have it available in three
parts:
pages 1 - 15;
pages 16 - 38 and
pages 39 - 44.
The
emergence of green venture capital, J. Randjelovic, A. O'Rourke
and R. Orsato. INSEAD R & D Working Papers. 2002.
Changing
the political economy of poverty and ecological disruption, David
Reed, Macroeconomics for Sustainable Development Program Office, World Wildlife
Fund, July 2005.
The
future of development financing: Challenges, scenarios and strategic choices,
Prepared by: Francisco Sagasti, Keith Bezanson and Fernando Prada, submitted by
Institute of Development Studies, Sussex for Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Sweden, January 2005.
Executive Summary also available.
Using
tax incentives to conserve and enhance biological and landscape diversity in
Europe, Clare Shine. A report to Committee of experts for the
development of the Pan-European Ecological Network (STRA-REP), 8th meeting,
Krakow, 5-6 October 2004.
Biodiversity
offsets: Views, experience, and the business case, Kerry ten
Kate, Josh Bishop and Ricardo Bayon, IUCN and Insight Investment, November 2004.
Millstone
or Milestone? What rich countries must do in Paris to make aid work for poor
people, Patrick Watt, ActionAid International, U.K. and Oxfam
International, March 2005. A paper written in preparation for the OECD High
Level Forum which took place in Paris, March 2005.
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Debt for Nature Swaps
Debt
for nature swaps in German Financial Co-operation, Mattias von
Bechtolsheim, KfW, 2004.
Debt
swaps for sustainable development, Jürgen Kaiser and Alain
Lambert. IUCN/SCDO/EURODAD, IUCN Gland Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 1996.
Economic Valuation
Economic
valuation of wetlands: a guide for policy makers and planners,
E.B. Barbier, M.C. Acreman, and D. Knowler. Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland,
Switzerland. 1996.
Ecology
is key to effective aid, UN told, Jim Giles, Nature, volume 437;
8 September 2005.
Economic valuation of wetlands: an important component of
wetland management strategies at the river basin scale, Alain
Lambert, May 2003.
Assessing
the economic value of ecosystem conservation, Stefano Pagiola,
Konrad von Ritter and Joshua Bishop, World Bank Environment Department, in
collaboration with The Nature Conservancy and IUCN-World Conservation Union.
World Bank Environment Department Paper No. 101, October 2004.
How
much is an ecosystem worth? Assessing the economic value of conservation,
Stefano Pagiola, Konrad von Ritter and Joshua Bishop, The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, October 2004.
Reforming
Forest Fiscal Systems: Workshop Proceedings from the
International Workshop on Reform of Forest Fiscal Systems, October 19 - 21,
2003, World Bank, Washington, D.C. PROFOR.
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Ecotourism
Rainforest
Expeditions: Where to Next? Susan Heher, Cornell University, Ithaca,
NY. 2004.
Ecotourism
investment and development models: Donors, NGOs, and private entrepreneurs,
Susan Heher, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, October 2003.
Protecting
paradise: Certification programs for sustainable tourism and ecotourism,
Martha Honey and Abigail Rome. Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, D.C.
October 2001.
Toward
a principled evaluation of ecotourism ventures, George N.
Wallace, Colorado State University, in Bulletin 99: The Ecotourism Equation:
Measuring the Impacts, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies,
1996.
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Environmental Trust Funds
Introduction to the establishment of environmental funds:
A proposal for Brazil, Alain Lambert,
Senior Advisor/Ramsar Convention
Introduction to the establishment of environmental
funds: A proposal for Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Georgia,
Alain Lambert, May 2003.
The
IPG Handbook on Environmental Funds: a resource book on the design and
operation of environmental funds, published for the
InterAgency Planning Group on Environmental Funds by PACT Publications.
Ruth Norris, editor. December 1999.
Environmental
funds as a mechanism for conservation and sustainable development in
Latin America and the Caribbean, Reyna Oleas and Lourdes
Barragan. RedLAC, February 2003. Translated by Ruth Norris.
To read profiles of environmental funds in the LAC region, as well as
short articles (mostly in Spanish) on a variety of topics relevant to
funds, click
here!
News Releases about Environmental Trust Funds:
♦
WWF helps set up Amazon Trust Fund; Goal is
protection of area bigger than US Parks System over next 10 years. June
3, 2004.
♦
Meso-American reef fund established. March 26,
3004.
Financing of Marine Conservation
Collected
essays on the economics of coral reefs, Herman S.J. Cesar,
editor. CORDIO. 2000.
Operationalizing
a Financing System for Coastal and Marine Resource Management in Belize:
Strategy Paper; Final Version. Prepared by the The Coastal Zone
Management Authority and Institute with support from UNDP-GEF for the Board of
Directors, December 2003. Note: This is a Belize government agency document produced for
discussion with government Ministries and Departments. It has not yet been fully adopted but is still being negotiated. UNDP is producing a case study on the design and implementation of the strategy,
which will have useful lessons on this still-new
process.
Financing
marine conservation: A menu of options, Barry Spergel and Melissa
Moye, Center for Conservation Finance, World Wildlife Fund. January 2004.
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Payment for Environmental Services
Financing
environmental services: the Costa Rican experience and its implications,
Kenneth M. Chomitz, Esteban Brenes, Luis Constantino, World Bank. 1998.
VALUE:
Counting ecosystems as water infrastructure, Lucy Emerton and
Elroy Bos, IUCN, 2004.
Innovative
financing mechanisms for conservation and sustainable forest management,
European Tropical Forest Research Network Newsletter, No. 35, Winter 2001/2002.
Constructing
markets for ecosystem services: limitations of development interventions and a
role for conservation performance payments, Paul J. Ferraro.
Cornell University. 2000. (From:
http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/archive/00000255/)
Payments
for Environmental Services in German Financial Cooperation, Dr.
Jörg Hartmann, KfW Bankengruppe/Latin America, Frankfurt, Germany. Part of the
KfW Discussion Paper Series. March 2004.
eBay
shoppers and subsistence farmers meet on virtual ground, Amanda
Hawn, published in The Katoomba Group's Ecosystem Marketplace, October 5, 2005.
Watershed
services: the new carbon? A.T. Hawn, first published in The
Katoomba Group's Ecosystem Marketplace (www.ecosystemmarketplace.com), August
2004.
Biodiversity
Payment where it's due, Michael Jenkins, Sara Scherr and Mira
Inbar,
Environmental Finance Magazine, November 2004.
Developing
markets for water services from forests: Issues and lessons for innovators,
Nels Johnson, Andy White and Daniele Perrot-Maitre, Forest Trends, World
Resources Institute and the Katoomba Group.
Dollars
and sense: approaches to conservation that seek to protect the most endangered
species have only mixed success. Is it time to move away from biodiversity
'hotspots' and stress the economic value of ecosystems? Lucy
Odling-Smee, Nature, Vol 437; 29 September 2005.
Payments
for environmental services: an annotated bibliography, prepared
by Melinda Pennington, Winrock International, March 2005.
Ecosystem
services of tropical landscapes, Jeffrey Sayer, in Integrated
Management of Environmental Services in Human-Dominated Tropical Landscapes,
World Wildlife Fund.
For
services rendered: The current status and future potential of markets for the
ecosystem services provided by tropical forests, Sara
Scherr, Andy White and Arvind Khare, ITTO Technical Series No. 21, International
Tropical Timber Organization, 2004. (From:
http://www.itto.or.jp/live/Live_Server/724/TS21e.pdf)
Case
studies of markets and innovative financial mechanisms for water services from
forests, Daniele Perrot-Maitre and Patsy Davis. Forest Trends and
The Katoomba Group. May 2001.
Paying
for environmental stewardship: Using markets and common-pool property to reduce
rural poverty while enhancing conservation, John D.
Shilling and Jennifer Osha, Macroeconomics for Sustainable Development
Program Office, World Wildlife Fund. Technical Paper: Economic Change, Poverty
and the Environment. January 2003. (From:
http://www.panda.org/downloads/policy/shilling.pdf)
Valuing
Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environmental Decision-Making,
Committee on Assessing and Valuing the the Services of Aquatic and Related
Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 2004.
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Protected Areas
Community conservation at Mgahinga Gorilla National Park,
Uganda, W.M. Adams and Mark Infield, Institute for Development
Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK.
Guidelines
for financing protected areas in East Asia, Andrea Athanas, Frank
Vorhies, Fernando Ghersi, Peter Shadie and John Shultis, Adrian Phillips, series
editor, IUCN/WCPA, 2001.(From:
http://biodiversityeconomics.org/finance/topics-227-00.htm)
Accounting approach for protected areas,
Curtis E. Cornelssen, PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 2005.
How
much will effective protected area systems cost?
(updated version) Aaron Bruner,
John Hanks and Lee Hannah, Conservation International. 2003.
Financial
costs and shortfalls of managing and expanding protected-area systems in
developing countries. Aaron G. Bruner, Raymond E. Gullison and
Andrew Balmford. BioScience: Vol. 54, No. 12, pp. 1119 - 1126. Link to the
abstract or contact
Aaron Bruner directly for a copy of the
article.
Sustainable
financing of protected areas: a global review of challenges and options.
L. Emerton, J. Bishop and L. Thomas, IUCN, August 2005. This is still in draft
form. Please send any comments to
Joshua Bishop.
Park
pricing and economic efficiency in Namibia, Wolf Krug, Helen
Suich, and Ndeutalala Haimbodi. Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry
of Environment and Tourism, Namibia. DEA Research Discussion Paper #45, June
2002.
Raising
revenues for protected areas: A menu of options, Barry Spergel,
Center for Conservation Finance, World Wildlife Fund. May 2001. (to get this
paper in French, Spanish or Chinese, go to
http://www.wwfus.org/conservationfinance/pubs.cfm)
A
financial and economic analysis of the costs and benefits of managing the
Protected Area Estate, UNDP/GEF & the Zambian Ministry of
Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources, April 2004.
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Papers in Portuguese
Fundos Ambientais, Bem mais do que
simples mecanismos financeiros : uma ferramenta de gestão ambiental,
Alain Lambert, 63-75pp, proceeding of a DFID
seminar on Economic Instruments for Environmental Management, Cuiaba,
Brazil. 22-23 March 2000.
Gerenciamento ambiantal na região Amazonicâ:
Por que não tentar os instrumentos voltados ao mercado?
Alain Lambert, 8-18pp, in PoemaTropic N°6. July/Feb 2000.
Papers in Spanish
La financiación de la sostenibilidad mundial:
propuesta para los Acuerdos Multilaterales sobre Medio Ambiente,
Alain
Lambert, 92-117pp, in “Ensuring sustainable livelihoods: challenges for
governments, corporates, and civil society at Rio+10”, Teri Research
Centre, India, Nov. 2002. Also published in PoemaTropic N°9, 34-49pp.
November 2002.
Valoración económica de los humedales: un componente importante de las
estrategias de gestión de los humedales a nivel de las cuencas fluviales,
Alain Lambert,
Ramsar website, May 2003. Also published in the Conservation Finance
Guide, Washington, D.C. 2003.
Manual
de fondos ambientales del IPG: un cuaderno de consulta para el diseno y
la operacion de fondos ambientales. Ruth Norris, editora.
Publicado para IPG por PACT Publications, deciembre 1999.
Los
fondos ambientales como práctica de conservación y desarrollo
sustentable en América Latina y el Caribe. Reyna Oleas y
Lourdes Barragán. RedLAC, febrero, 2003.
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